IT support and security
3-2-1 backup
A backup rule of thumb: keep three copies of your data, on two different types of storage, with one of them off site.
What 3-2-1 backup means in practice
The rule is old and it has aged well because it survives each individual failure. Three copies means one going bad does not matter. Two types of storage means a fault affecting one technology does not take both. One off site means fire, flood and theft do not take everything at once.
The modern amendment is that the off-site copy should also be out of reach of the account that manages your systems, because ransomware follows credentials. A cloud sync folder is not a backup: it faithfully replicates the encryption to every device. And an untested backup is a hypothesis, not a copy, which is why the restore matters more than the backup.
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